Gum diseases can be categorized into two broad groups, namely gingivitis and periodontitis.
Gingivitis can be an inflammation in the gingivae (gums) in all of the ages but manifests more often in children and the younger generation.
Periodontitis is surely an inflammation with subsequent destruction in the other tooth-supporting structures, namely the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum and subsequent loss in teeth. This issue mainly manifests in early middle age with severity increasing inside the elderly.
Gingivitis can or may progress to periodontitis state within an individual.
Gum diseases have been located to be just about the most widespread chronic diseases throughout the world using a prevalence which can be between 90 and 100 per cent in older adults over 35 years of age in developing countries. They have been shown to be the explanation for tooth loss in individuals 4 decades and above.
Halitosis bad breath is among the major consequences of gum diseases.
Many of the terms that are greatly associated with terrible breath and gum diseases are as follows:
Dental Plaque- The main desire for the prevention and management of a disease is an idea of its causes. The key cause of gum diseases is bacteria, which form an intricate around the tooth surface called plaque. These bacteria’s will be the real cause of bad breath.
Dental plaque is bacterial accumulations about the teeth and other solid oral structures. When it is of sufficient thickness, seems like being a whitish, yellowish layer mainly along the gum margins on the tooth surface. Its presence can also be discerned with a conventional dye or fluorescent dye (demonstrated by illumination with ultraviolet light), disclosing solution or by scraping your tooth surface down the gum margins.
When plaque is examined underneath the microscope, it reveals numerous various kinds of bacteria. Some desquamated oral epithelial cells and white blood cells can also be present. The micro-organisms detected vary in line with the site where they’re present.
You will find gram positive and gram negative organisms, filamentous and flagellated organisms, spirochetes and occasionally small numbers of even yeasts, mycoplasma and protozoa.
Clean tooth surfaces after brushing are normally included in a thin layer of glycoproteins from saliva called pellicle. Pellicle provides for the selective adherence of bacteria to the tooth surface.
In the first couple of hours, the bacteria proliferate to create colonies. Additionally, other organisms may also populate the pellicle from adjacent areas to make a complex accumulation of mixed colonies. The information present involving the bacteria is known as intermicrobial matrix forming about 25 % of the plaque volume. This matrix is primarily extra cellular carbohydrate polymers made by the bacteria from dietary sugars; salivary and gingival fluid components; and dying and dead bacteria.
Small quantities of plaque are works with gingival or periodontal health. Some people can resist larger numbers of plaque for very long periods without developing destructive periodontitis (inflammation and destruction from the supporting tissues) but they will exhibit gingivitis (inflammation from the gums or gingiva).
Diet And Plaque Formation- Diet may play a significant part in plaque formation by modifying just how much and composition of plaque. More the plaque formation could be, you will have more smelly breath.
Fermentable sugars increase plaque formation because they provide additional energy supply for bacterial metabolic process also provide the raw materials (substrate) for that output of extra cellular polysaccharides.
Secondary Factors
Although plaque may be the responsible for gum diseases, many others regarded as secondary factors, local and systemic, predispose towards plaque accumulation or modify the response of gum tissue to plaque. The local factors are:
1) Cavities inside the teeth;
2) Faulty fillings;
3) Food impaction;
4) Poorly designed partial dentures (dentures);
5) Orthodontic appliances;
6) Misaligned teeth;
7) mouth-breathing
8) Grooves on teeth or roots near gum margins;
9) Reduced salivary flow; and,
10) Cigarette smoking.
The systemic factors which potentially affect the gum tissues are:
1) Systemic diseases, e.g. diabetes mellitus, Down’s syndrome, AIDS, blood disorders while others;
2) Hormonal changes – during puberty, pregnancy, contraceptives intake and menopause;
3) Drug reactions, e.g. immunosuppressive drugs, antihypertensive drugs and antiepileptic drugs; and,
4) Dietary and nutritional factors, e.g. protein deficiency and vitamin C and B deficiency.
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